**Rose Absolute (Rosa damascena): History, Benefits, Cultivation, and Guide**

### Introduction

Rose Absolute (Rosa damascena) is one of the most cherished essential oils in aromatherapy, revered for its exquisite fragrance and numerous therapeutic benefits. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Rose Absolute, covering its historical significance, health benefits, composition, cultivation, extraction methods, practical usage, contraindications, and useful resources.

### History of Rose Absolute (Rosa damascena)

The history of the rose dates back thousands of years, with the bloom appearing in ancient Persia, Egypt, and Rome. The Damask rose, known scientifically as Rosa damascena, is believed to have been cultivated around the 16th century in the Middle East before spreading to Europe and other regions. The oil was highly valued in ancient times for its fragrance and medicinal properties, often used in royal perfumes and cosmetics.

The production of Rose Absolute involves a labor-intensive process, as it takes approximately 4,000 kilograms of rose petals to produce just one kilogram of oil. This oil is primarily extracted through solvent extraction rather than steam distillation, which is used for most other essential oils. Thus, Rose Absolute retains more aromatic compounds, making it particularly sought after by perfumers and aromatherapists alike.

### Benefits & Composition

Rose Absolute boasts an impressive array of therapeutic properties attributed to its rich composition. Key benefits of Rose Absolute include:

– **Emotional Support**: Its soothing aroma is renowned for reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Studies suggest that it can enhance mood and promote emotional well-being. (Reference: “Effects of Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction,” Journal of Advanced Nursing).

– **Skin Health**: Rich in antioxidants, Rose Absolute helps nourish and rejuvenate the skin. It can improve conditions like acne, eczema, and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory properties aid in reducing redness and irritation. (Reference: “In-vitro study of Rosa damascena extract in wound healing,” Journal of Medicinal Plants Research).

– **Hormonal Balance**: It is often used in natural remedies for menstrual discomfort and helps balance hormonal fluctuations, making it an excellent ally for women’s health.

– **Antimicrobial Properties**: The antimicrobial effects of Rose Absolute can protect against certain pathogens, making it useful in skincare formulations.

#### Composition

Rose Absolute is rich in various chemical constituents, including:

– **Citronellol**: Known for its floral fragrance and antimicrobial properties.
– **Geraniol**: Contributes to its uplifting scent and has anti-inflammatory effects.
– **Phenylethyl Alcohol**: Provides a sweet floral aroma, beneficial for emotional upliftment.
– **Beta-caryophyllene**: Shows potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

### Cultivation & Extraction of Rose Absolute (Rosa damascena)

#### Cultivation

Rosa damascena thrives in temperate climates, preferring well-draining soil enriched with organic matter. The primary regions for cultivation include Bulgaria, Turkey, and Iran, where traditional farming methods have been used for generations to preserve the quality of the blooms. Key factors influencing growth include adequate sunlight, regular pruning, and irrigation.

#### Extraction

The extraction of Rose Absolute is primarily carried out through solvent extraction, which preserves the delicate aromatic compounds. The process involves:

1. **Harvesting**: Rose petals are hand-picked during the early morning when their oil content is at its peak.
2. **Solvent Extraction**: The petals are subjected to a solvent, such as hexane or ethanol, which helps dissolve the essential oils. This mixture is then filtered to separate the solid plant material from the liquid extract.
3. **Evaporation**: The solvent is removed, leaving behind a thick, viscous oil known as Rose Absolute.

This method is preferred for producing a more concentrated form of the essential oil, allowing for a deeper fragrance profile.

### Guide to Use

Rose Absolute can be incorporated into your wellness routine in various ways:

1. **Aromatherapy Diffusion**: Add a few drops to a diffuser or oil burner to uplift your mood and create a calming atmosphere.
2. **Topical Application**: Dilute with a carrier oil (e.g., jojoba, sweet almond) and apply to pulse points or areas of discomfort (avoid sensitive skin and mucous membranes).
3. **Bath Additive**: Combine with Epsom salts or other carrier oils and add to bathwater to enjoy a relaxing soak.
4. **Massage Oils**: Blend with other essential oils and carrier oils for a luxurious massage experience.

### Additional Resources

For further reading on Rose Absolute and its uses, consider the following resources:

– The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA): [NAHA Resources](https://naha.org)
– AromaWeb: An extensive guide to essential oils and their applications: [AromaWeb](https://www.aromaweb.com)
– Essential Oil Safety: A Comprehensive Guide: [Robert Tisserand](https://www.tisserandinstitute.org)

### Contraindications

While Rose Absolute is renowned for its benefits, there are some contraindications to keep in mind:

– **Pregnancy**: Exercise caution when using during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, as it may induce contractions.
– **Hormonal Sensitivity**: Those with hormone-sensitive conditions should consult a healthcare professional before use.
– **Skin Sensitivity**: Conduct a patch test prior to topical application to check for allergic reactions.

### Conclusion

Rose Absolute (Rosa damascena) remains a vital component of aromatherapy, with a rich history and broad spectrum of benefits. From supporting emotional wellness to enhancing skin health, its applications are diverse and powerful. As you incorporate this luxurious essential oil into your practice, ensure you follow the guidelines for use and contraindications for optimal results.

By understanding the cultivation, extraction, and benefits of Rose Absolute, you can make informed decisions that enhance your wellness journey.

### References

1. “Effects of Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction,” Journal of Advanced Nursing. [Research Reference](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/13652648)
2. “In-vitro study of Rosa damascena extract in wound healing,” Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. [Research Reference](https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR)
3. NAHA: [NAHA Resources](https://naha.org)
4. AromaWeb: [AromaWeb](https://www.aromaweb.com)
5. Tisserand Institute: [Robert Tisserand](https://www.tisserandinstitute.org)

By providing comprehensive information on Rose Absolute, this article serves as a resource for both beginners and experienced users looking to deepen their knowledge and practice in aromatherapy.